About
Scope & Aims
Editorial office
Editorial board
Reviewers
Ethical standards and procedures
Abstracting and indexing
Contact
Articles & Issues
Current issue
Articles in press
Archive
For Authors
General rules
Guide for authors
Templates
Publication charge
For Reviewers
Guide for reviewers
Our reviewers
ORIGINAL PAPER
High-intensity interval training versus hatha yoga for postmenopausal females on obesity, sarcopenia, dynapenia, lower limb alignment: study protocol for RCT
1
KLE Institute of Physiotherapy, KLE Academy of Higher Education & Research, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
2
Department of Radiology, J.N. Medical College, KLE Academy of Higher Education & Research, Nehru Nagar, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
Submission date: 2023-06-28
Acceptance date: 2023-09-04
Publication date: 2023-12-19
Physiother Quart. 2023;31(4):93-106
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
Menopause is a challenging stage of a woman’s life, with increased occurrences of musculoskeletal issues and obesity that need to be tackled early and effectively. Less is known about the effect of HIIT & hatha yoga on musculoskeletal parameters in post-menopausal females. Both exercise approaches differ and are comparable in many ways. Thus, the objective of the study is to determine and compare the effects of 12 weeks of HIIT and yoga training protocols in postmenopausal females with central adiposity, sarcopenia, dynapenia, and knee alignment. The present research article presents a study protocol comparing yoga and HIIT protocols prescribed for postmenopausal females.
Methods:
This is an open-label, randomised, parallel-armed, assessor-blinded clinical trial that will be conducted on 160 postmenopausal females between 46 and 70 years randomly assigned to either the HIIT or yoga group. The intervention will be in the form of group therapy for 5 sessions per week for 12 weeks. The outcomes include sarcopenia by lean muscle mass using a bioelectric impedance analyser, a radiological measure of the Hip-Knee-Ankle angle, and the perceived stress scale and 36-item short form questionnaires assessed twice (pre & post). The outcomes, including gait speed, hand grip strength, waist circumference, and body mass index, will be assessed at pre, post-4th week, post-8th week, and post-12th week.
Discussion:
The study outcomes will provide confirmatory evidence on the effects of Hatha yoga and HIIT exercise training protocols in managing menopausal weight gain, musculoskeletal issues (sarcopenia and knee malalignment), physical and functional capacity, as well as mental health in postmenopausal females.
Menopause is a challenging stage of a woman’s life, with increased occurrences of musculoskeletal issues and obesity that need to be tackled early and effectively. Less is known about the effect of HIIT & hatha yoga on musculoskeletal parameters in post-menopausal females. Both exercise approaches differ and are comparable in many ways. Thus, the objective of the study is to determine and compare the effects of 12 weeks of HIIT and yoga training protocols in postmenopausal females with central adiposity, sarcopenia, dynapenia, and knee alignment. The present research article presents a study protocol comparing yoga and HIIT protocols prescribed for postmenopausal females.
Methods:
This is an open-label, randomised, parallel-armed, assessor-blinded clinical trial that will be conducted on 160 postmenopausal females between 46 and 70 years randomly assigned to either the HIIT or yoga group. The intervention will be in the form of group therapy for 5 sessions per week for 12 weeks. The outcomes include sarcopenia by lean muscle mass using a bioelectric impedance analyser, a radiological measure of the Hip-Knee-Ankle angle, and the perceived stress scale and 36-item short form questionnaires assessed twice (pre & post). The outcomes, including gait speed, hand grip strength, waist circumference, and body mass index, will be assessed at pre, post-4th week, post-8th week, and post-12th week.
Discussion:
The study outcomes will provide confirmatory evidence on the effects of Hatha yoga and HIIT exercise training protocols in managing menopausal weight gain, musculoskeletal issues (sarcopenia and knee malalignment), physical and functional capacity, as well as mental health in postmenopausal females.
REFERENCES (55)
1.
Khadilkar SS. Post-reproductive health: window of opportunity for preventing comorbidities. J Obstet Gynaecol India. 2019;69(1):1–5; doi: 10.1007/s13224-019-01202-w.
2.
Batsis JA, Villareal DT. Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: aetiology, epidemiology and treatment strategies. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2018;14(9):513–537; doi: 10.1038/s41574-018-0062-9.
3.
Ahuja M. Age of menopause and determinants of menopause age: a PAN India survey by IMS. J Midlife Health. 2016;7(3):126–131; doi: 10.4103/0976-7800.191012.
4.
Vaidya R. Obesity, sarcopenia and postmenopausal osteoporosis: an interlinked triad. J Midlife Health. 2014;5:1–2; doi: 10.4103/0976-7800.127778.
5.
Chen LK, Woo J, Assantachai P, Auyeung T-W, Chou M-Y, Iijima K, et al. Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia: 2019 consensus update on sarcopenia diagnosis and treatment. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2020;21(3):300–307.e2; doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2019.12.012.
6.
Tyrovolas S, Koyanagi A, Olaya B, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Miret M, Chatterji S, et al. Factors associated with skeletal muscle mass, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity in older adults: a multi-continent study. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2016;7(3):312–321; doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12076.
7.
Drenowatz C, Hand GA, Sagner M, Shook RP, Burgess S, Blair SN. The prospective association between different types of exercise and body composition. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015;47(12):2535–2541; doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000701.
8.
Baumgartner RN, Wayne SJ, Waters DL, Janssen I, Gallagher D, Morley JE. Sarcopenic obesity predicts instrumental activities of daily living disability in the elderly. Obes Res. 2004;12(12):1995–2004; doi: 10.1038/oby.2004.250.
9.
Koliaki C, Liatis S, Dalamaga M, Kokkinos A. Sarcopenic obesity: epidemiologic evidence, pathophysiology, and therapeutic perspectives. Curr Obes Rep. 2019;8(4):458–471; doi: 10.1007/s13679-019-00359-9.
10.
Al-Safi ZA, Polotsky AJ. Obesity and menopause. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2015;29(4):548–553; doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2014.12.002.
11.
Messier SP, Pater M, Beavers DP, Legault C, Loeser RF, Hunter DJ, et al. Influences of alignment and obesity on knee joint loading in osteoarthritic gait. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2014;22(7):912–917; doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2014.05.013.
12.
Sheehy L, Felson D, Zhang Y, Niu J, Lam Y-M, Segal N, et al. Does measurement of the anatomic axis consistently predict hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA) for knee alignment studies in osteoarthritis? Analysis of long limb radiographs from the multicenter osteoarthritis (MOST) study. Osteoarthr Cartilage. 2011;19(1):58–64; doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2010.09.011.
13.
Katsumi R, Mochizuki T, Sato T, Kobayashi K, Watanabe S, Tanifuji O, et al. Contribution of sex and body constitution to three-dimensional lower extremity alignment for healthy, elderly, non-obese humans in a Japanese population. J Exp Orthop. 2018;5(1):1–8; doi: 10.1186/s40634-018-0147-3.
14.
Horsak B, Schwab C, Baca A, Greber-Platzer S, Kreissl A, Nehrer S, et al. Effects of a lower extremity exercise program on gait biomechanics and clinical outcomes in children and adolescents with obesity: a randomized controlled trial. Gait Posture. 2019;70:122–129; doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.02.032.
15.
Cho Y, Kim M, Lee W. Effect of proprioceptive training on foot posture, lower limb alignment, and knee adduction moment in patients with degenerative knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial. J Phys Ther Sci. 27(2):371–374. doi: 10.1589/jpts.272.371.
16.
Song J, Kane R, Tango DN, Vander Veur SS, Furmato J, Komaroff E, Foster GD. Effects of weight loss on foot structure and function in obese adults: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Gait Posture. 2015;41(1):86–92; doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.08.013.
17.
Sampaio RAC, Sewo Sampaio PY, Uchida MC, Arai H. Management of dynapenia, sarcopenia, and frailty: The role of physical exercise. J Aging Res. 2020;2020:8186769; doi: 10.1155/2020/8186769.
18.
Slentz CA, Duscha BD, Johnson JL, Ketchum K, Aiken LB, Samsa GP, et al. Effects of the amount of exercise on body weight, body composition, and measures of central obesity: STRRIDE – a randomized controlled study. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164(1):31–39; doi: 10.1001/archinte.164.1.31.
19.
de Mello RG, Dalla Corte RR, Gioscia J, Moriguchi EH. Effects of physical exercise programs on sarcopenia management, dynapenia, and physical performance in the elderly: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. J Aging Res. 2019;2019:1959486; doi: 10.1155/2019/1959486.
20.
Donnelly JE, Blair SN, Jakicic JM, Manore MM, Rankin JW, Smith BK, et al. American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand. Appropriate physical activity intervention strategies for weight loss and prevention of weight regain for adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41(2):459–471; doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181949333. Erratum in: Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41(7):1532.
21.
Barajas-Galindo DE, Arnáiz EG, Vicente PF, Ballesteros-Pomar MD. Effects of physical exercise in sarcopenia. A systematic review. Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr. 2021;68(3):159–169; doi: 10.1016/j.endinu.2020.02.010.
22.
Weston KS, Wisløff U, Coombes JS. High-intensity interval training in patients with lifestyle-induced cardiometabolic disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2014;48(16):1227–1234; doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092576.
23.
Maillard F, Rousset S, Pereira B, Traore A, Amaze P, Boirie Y, et al. High-intensity interval training reduces abdominal fat mass in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab. 2016;42(6):433–441; doi: 10.1016/j.diabet.2016.07.031.
24.
Marzuca-Nassr GN, Artigas-Arias M, Olea MA, SanMartín-Calísto Y, Huard N, Durán-Vejar F, et al. High-intensity interval training on body composition, functional capacity and biochemical markers in healthy young versus older people. Exp Gerontol. 2020;141:111096; doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.111096.
25.
Alvarez C, Ramirez-Campillo R, Martinez-Salazar C, Castillo A, Gallardo F, Ciolac EG. High-intensity interval training as a tool for counteracting dyslipidemia in women. Int J Sports Med. 2018;39(5):397–406; doi: 10.1055/s-0044-100387.
26.
Boutcher SH. High-intensity intermittent exercise and fat loss. J Obes. 2011;2011:868305; doi: 10.1155/2011/868305.
27.
Sijie T, Hainai Y, Fengying Y, Jianxiong W. High intensity interval exercise training in overweight young women. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2012;52(3):255–262.
28.
Hayes LD, Elliott BT, Yasar Z, Bampouras TM, Sculthorpe NF, Sanal-Hayes NE, et al. High intensity interval training (HIIT) as a potential countermeasure for phenotypic characteristics of sarcopenia: a scoping review. Front Physiol. 2021:12:715044; doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.715044. eCollection 2021.
29.
Horovitz EG, Elgelid S. Yoga Therapy. Theory and Practice. 1st ed. New York: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group; 2015.
30.
Cramer H, Thoms MS, Anheyer D, Lauche R, Dobos G. Yoga in women with abdominal obesity – a randomized controlled trial. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2016;113(39):645–652; doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2016.0645.
31.
Pal A, Srivastava N, Tiwari S, Verma NS, Narain VS, Agrawal GG, et al. Effect of yogic practices on lipid profile and body fat composition in patients of coronary artery disease. Complement Ther Med. 2011;19(3):122–127; doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2011.05.001.
32.
Lau C, Yu R, Woo J. Effects of a 12-Week Hatha Yoga intervention on cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular strength and endurance, and flexibility in Hong Kong Chinese adults: a controlled clinical trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:958727; doi: 10.1155/2015/958727.
33.
Lee JA, Kim JW, Kim DY. Effects of yoga exercise on serum adiponectin and metabolic syndrome factors in obese postmenopausal women. Menopause. 2012;19(3):296–301; doi: 10.1097/gme.0b013e31822d59a2.
34.
Pandya SP. Yoga education program for older women diagnosed with sarcopenia: a multicity 10-year follow-up experiment. J Women Aging. 2019;31(5):446–469; do: 10.1080/08952841.2018.1510245.
35.
Buchheit M., Laursen P.B. High-intensity interval training, solutions to the programming puzzle: Part I: Cardiopulmonary emphasis. Sports Med. 2013;43(5):313–338; doi: 10.1007/s40279-013-0029-x.
36.
Rajan AI, Dixit RK, Joshi AR. Effect of yoga on aerobic power, anaerobic power and audio-visual reaction time in healthy individuals. Int J Physiol. 2014;2(1):9–13; doi: 10.5958/j.2320-608X.2.1.003.
37.
Foster C, Farland CV, Guidotti F, Harbin M, Roberts B, Schuette J, et. al. The effects of high intensity interval training vs steady state training on aerobic and anaerobic capacity. J Sports Sci Med. 2015;14(4):747–755.
38.
Grossman JAC, Payne EK. A randomized comparison study regarding the impact of short-duration, high-intensity exercise and traditional exercise on anthropometric and body composition measurement changes in post-menopausal women – a pilot study. Post Reprod Health. 2016;22(1):14–19; doi: 10.1177/2053369115623899.
39.
Abhilash SS, Joseph G. Effects of Pilates exercise, power yoga, and high-intensity interval training on muscular endurance among male school students. Int J Phys Educ Sports Health. 2019;6(1):41–43.
40.
Govindaraj R, Karmani S, Varambally S, Gangadhar BN. Yoga and physical exercise – a review and comparison. Int Rev Psychiatry. 2016;28(3):242–253; doi: 10.3109/09540261.2016.1160878.
41.
Ross A, Thomas S. The health benefits of yoga and exercise: a review of comparison studies. J Altern Complement Med. 2010;16(1):3–12; doi: 10.1089/acm.2009.0044.
42.
Flehr A, Barton C, Coles J, Gibson SJ, Lambert GW, Lambert EA, et al. MindinBody-feasibility of vigorous exercise (Bikram yoga versus high-intensity interval training) to improve persistent pain in women with a history of trauma: a pilot randomized control trial. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2019;19:234; doi: 10.1186/s12906-019-2642-1.
43.
Chan A-W, Tetzlaff JM, Gøtzsche PC, Altman DG, Mann H, Berlin JA, et al. SPIRIT 2013 explanation and elaboration: guidance for protocols of clinical trials. BMJ. 2013;346:e7586. doi: 10.1136/bmj.e7586.
44.
Misra A, Vikram NK, Gupta R, Pandey RM, Wasir JS, Gupta VP. Waist circumference cutoff points and action levels for Asian Indians for identification of abdominal obesity. Int J Obes. 2006;30(1):106–111; doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803111.
45.
Walankar P, Verma C, Mehta A. Study of hand grip strength in Indian population. Int J Health Sci Res. 2016;6(11):162–166.
46.
Hoffmann TC, Glasziou PP, Boutron I, Milne R, Perera R, Moher D, et al. Better reporting of interventions: template for intervention description and replication (TIDieR) checklist and guide. BMJ. 2014;348:g1687; doi: 10.1136/bmj.g1687.
47.
Schulz KF, Altman DG, Moher D; CONSORT Group. CONSORT 2010 statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. BMJ. 2010;340:c332; doi: 10.1136/bmj.c332.
48.
Keevil VL, Luben R, Dalzell N, Hayat S, Sayer AA, Wareham NJ, et al. Cross-sectional associations between different measures of obesity and muscle strength in men and women in a British cohort study. J Nutr Health Aging. 2015;19(1):3–11; doi: 10.1007/s12603-014-0492-6.
49.
Hofsteenge GH, Chinapaw MJ, Weijs PJ. Fat-free mass prediction equations for bioelectric impedance analysis compared to dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in obese adolescents: a validation study. BMC Pediatrics. 2015;15(1):158; doi 10.1186/s12887-015-0476-7.
50.
Pal R, Aggarwal A, Singh T, Sharma S, Khandelwal N, Garg A, et al. Diagnostic cut-offs, prevalence, and biochemical predictors of sarcopenia in healthy Indian adults: the Sarcopenia-Chandigarh Urban Bone Epidemiological Study (Sarco-CUBES). Eur Geriatr Med. 2020;11(5):725–736; doi: 10.1007/s41999-020-00332-z.
51.
Weng N, Knipe H, Rock P. 2021. Hip-knee-ankle angle. Reference article. Radiopaedia.org. Available 29.01.2021 from: https://radiopaedia.org/articl...; doi: 10.53347/rID-88254.
52.
Lyons RA, Perry IM, Littlepage BN. Evidence for the validity of the Short-form 36 Questionnaire (SF-36) in an elderly population. Age Ageing. 1994;23(3):182–184; doi: 10.1093/ageing/23.3.182.
53.
Gupta KK, Attri JP, Singh A, Kaur H, Kaur G. Basic concepts for sample size calculation: critical step for any clinical trials! Saudi J Anaesth. 2016;10(3):328–331; doi: 10.4103/1658-354X.174918.
54.
Felson DT, Anderson JJ, Naimark A, Walker AM, Meenan RF. Obesity and knee osteoarthritis: the Framingham Sudy. Ann Intern Med. 1988;109(1):18–24; doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-109-1-18.
55.
Sharifi N, Afshari F, Bahri N. The effects of yoga on quality of life among postmenopausal women: A systematic review study. Post Reprod Health. 2021;27(4):215–221; doi: 10.1177/20533691211046152.
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
| eISSN: | 2544-4395 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
