About
Scope & Aims
Editorial office
Editorial board
Reviewers
Ethical standards and procedures
Abstracting and indexing
Contact
Articles & Issues
Current issue
Articles in press
Archive
For Authors
General rules
Guide for authors
Templates
Publication charge
For Reviewers
Guide for reviewers
Our reviewers
ORIGINAL PAPER
The effect of insole on the knee valgus angle and pelvic muscle activity
during high-intensity weight-bearing tasks
1
Rehabilitation Center, Cello Hospital, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
2
Department of Physical Therapy, College of Health and Medical Science, Cheongju University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
Submission date: 2021-01-19
Acceptance date: 2021-06-08
Publication date: 2021-09-11
Physiother Quart. 2021;29(3):86-91
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
The purpose was to investigate changes in knee valgus angle, as well as associated pelvic muscles, gluteus medius and tensor fasciae latae, when using an insole in people with leg length mismatch less than 2 cm in high-intensity weight-bearing tasks.
Methods:
The knee valgus angle, muscle activity of the gluteus medius, and muscle activity of the tensor fasciae latae were measured with and without an insole during a drop jump task and a step landing task. All measurements were performed 3 times, and the average value was used. The subjects practised 3 times before the measurement and took a sufficient rest between each measurement.
Results:
There was no significant difference between the knee valgus angles with or without an insole during the drop jump task or step landing task. For the drop jump task, a significant difference was observed in the muscle activity of the tensor fasciae latae on the short leg side; for the step landing task, a significant difference was noted in the muscle activity of the gluteus medius on the long leg side (p < 0.05).
Conclusions:
The use of insoles by people with leg length discrepancy during high-intensity landing may prevent non-contact anterior cruciate ligament damage, which is frequently seen in high-intensity landings.
The purpose was to investigate changes in knee valgus angle, as well as associated pelvic muscles, gluteus medius and tensor fasciae latae, when using an insole in people with leg length mismatch less than 2 cm in high-intensity weight-bearing tasks.
Methods:
The knee valgus angle, muscle activity of the gluteus medius, and muscle activity of the tensor fasciae latae were measured with and without an insole during a drop jump task and a step landing task. All measurements were performed 3 times, and the average value was used. The subjects practised 3 times before the measurement and took a sufficient rest between each measurement.
Results:
There was no significant difference between the knee valgus angles with or without an insole during the drop jump task or step landing task. For the drop jump task, a significant difference was observed in the muscle activity of the tensor fasciae latae on the short leg side; for the step landing task, a significant difference was noted in the muscle activity of the gluteus medius on the long leg side (p < 0.05).
Conclusions:
The use of insoles by people with leg length discrepancy during high-intensity landing may prevent non-contact anterior cruciate ligament damage, which is frequently seen in high-intensity landings.
REFERENCES (32)
1.
Blake RL, Ferguson H. Limb length discrepancies. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 1992;82(1):33–38; doi: 10.7547/87507315-82-1-33.
3.
Schuit D, Adrian M, Pidcoe P. Effect of heel lifts on ground reaction force patterns in subjects with structural leg-length discrepancies. Phys Ther. 1989;69(8):663–670; doi: 10.1093/ptj/69.8.663.
4.
Papaioannou T, Stokes I, Kenwright J. Scoliosis associated with limb-length inequality. J Bone Joint Surg. 1982;64(1):59–62; doi: 10.2106/00004623-198264010-00009.
5.
Gurney B. Leg length discrepancy. Gait Posture. 2002;15(2):195–206; doi: 10.1016/s0966-6362(01)00148-5.
6.
Brady RJ, Dean JB, Skinner TM, Gross MT. Limb length inequality: clinical implications for assessment and intervention. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2003;33(5):221–234; doi: 10.2519/jospt.2003.33.5.221.
7.
Kaufman KR, Miller LS, Sutherland DH. Gait asymmetry in patients with limb-length inequality. J Pediatr Orthop. 1996;16(2):144–150; doi: 10.1097/00004694-199603000-00002.
8.
Stanitski DF. Limb-length inequality: assessment and treatment options. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 1999;7(3):143–153; doi: 10.5435/00124635-199905000-00001.
9.
Campbell TM, Ghaedi BB, Tanjong Ghogomu E, Welch V. Shoe lifts for leg length discrepancy in adults with common painful musculoskeletal conditions: a systematic review of the literature. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2018;99(5):981–993; doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2017.10.027.
10.
Golightly YM, Allen KD, Helmick CG, Renner JB, Jordan JM. Symptoms of the knee and hip in individuals with and without limb length inequality. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2009;17(5):596–600; doi: 10.1016/j.joca.2008.11.005.
11.
Cummings SR, Browner W, Black DM, Nevitt MC, Genant HK, Cauley J, et al. Bone density at various sites for prediction of hip fractures. The study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. Lancet. 1993;341(8837):72–75; doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(93)92555-8.
12.
Vink P, Kamphuisen HA. Leg length inequality, pelvic tilt and lumbar back muscle activity during standing. Clin Biomech. 1989;4(2):115–117; doi: 10.1016/0268-0033(89)90049-1.
13.
Chae J-B, Cho H-R, Hwa N-J, Kim Y-H. The change of gait as Q-angle in chronic knee osteoarthritis disease [in Korean]. J Korean Soc Phys Med. 2010;5(1):71–79.
14.
Penney T, Ploughman M, Austin MW, Behm DG, Byrne JM. Determining the activation of gluteus medius and the validity of the single leg stance test in chronic, nonspecific low back pain. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2014;95(10):1969–1976; doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2014.06.009.
15.
Buchanan TS, Lloyd DG. Muscle activation at the human knee during isometric flexion-extension and varus-valgus loads. J Orthop Res. 1997;15(1):11–17; doi: 10.1002/jor.1100150103.
16.
Hewett TE, Myer GD, Ford KR, Heidt RS, Colosimo AJ, McLean SG, et al. Biomechanical measures of neuromuscular control and valgus loading of the knee predict anterior cruciate ligament injury risk in female athletes: a prospective study. Am J Sports Med. 2005;33(4):492–501; doi: 10.1177/0363546504269591.
17.
Liu XC, Fabry G, Molenaers G, Lammens J, Moens P. Kinematic and kinetic asymmetry in patients with leg-length discrepancy. J Pediatr Orthop. 1998;18(2):187–189; doi: 10.1097/01241398-199803000-00010.
18.
Brand RA, Yack HJ. Effects of leg length discrepancies on the forces at the hip joint. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1996;333:172–180; doi: 10.1097/00003086-199612000-00017.
19.
Ashour R, Abdelraouf O, Abdallah A, Sweif R. Effect of footwear modification on postural symmetry and body balance in leg length discrepancy: a randomized controlled study. Int J Osteopath Med. 2019;32(3):13–20; doi: 10.1016/j.ijosm.2019.02.001.
20.
Sabharwal S, Kumar A. Methods for assessing leg length discrepancy. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2008;466(12):2910–2922; doi: 10.1007/s11999-008-0524-9.
21.
Jeong J-G, Jang S-E, Kim Y-N, Hwang T-Y, Cho W-S, Kim S-H. The effect of flexibility, muscle strength and electrophysiologic nature on ballistic stretching [in Korean]. J Kor Acad Clin Elec. 2010;8(2):1–6; doi: 10.5627/KACE.2010.8.2.001.
22.
Nelson-Wong E, Gregory DE, Winter DA, Callaghan JP. Gluteus medius muscle activation patterns as a predictor of low back pain during standing. Clin Biomech. 2008;23(5):545–553; doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2008.01.002.
23.
Kim H-R, Song Y-J, Moon S-G, Jang H-J. The influence of electromyographic activation on gluteus medius and tensor fascia lata by functional leg length discrepancy in women’s university students during lunge [in Korean]. J Korean Acad Orthop Man Phys Ther. 2013;19(2):39–46.
24.
Herrington L, Munro A. Drop jump landing knee valgus angle; normative data in a physically active population. Phys Ther Sport. 2010;11(2):56–59; doi: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2009.11.004.
25.
Seeley MK, Umberger BR, Clasey JL, Shapiro R. The relation between mild leg-length inequality and able-bodied gait asymmetry. J Sports Sci Med. 2010;9(4):572–579.
26.
Walsh M, Connolly P, Jenkinson A, O’Brien T. Leg length discrepancy – an experimental study of compensatory changes in three dimensions using gait analysis. Gait Posture. 2000;12(2):156–161; doi: 10.1016/s0966-6362(00)00067-9.
27.
Flaxman TE, Alkjær T, Simonsen EB, Krogsgaard MR, Benoit DL. Predicting the functional roles of knee joint muscles from internal joint moments. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017;49(3):527–537; doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001125.
28.
Fairclough J, Hayashi K, Toumi H, Lyons K, Bydder G, Phillips N, et al. The functional anatomy of the iliotibial band during flexion and extension of the knee: implications for understanding iliotibial band syndrome. J Anat. 2006;208(3):309–316; doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2006.00531.x.
29.
Lloyd DG, Buchanan TS. Strategies of muscular support of varus and valgus isometric loads at the human knee. J Biomech. 2001;34(10):1257–1267; doi: 10.1016/s0021-9290(01)00095-1.
30.
Shelburne KB, Pandy MG, Torry MR. Comparison of shear forces and ligament loading in the healthy and ACL-deficient knee during gait. J Biomech. 2004;37(3):313–319; doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2003.07.001.
31.
Nejishima M, Urabe Y, Yokoyama S. Relationship between the knee valgus angle and EMG activity of the lower extremity in single- and double-leg landing. J Biomech. 2007;40(2):S743; doi: 10.1016/S0021-9290(07)70731-5.
32.
Kim D, Unger J, Lanovaz JL, Oates AR. The relationship of anticipatory gluteus medius activity to pelvic and knee stability in the transition to single-leg stance. PM R. 2016;8(2):138–144; doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2015.06.005.
| eISSN: | 2544-4395 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
