ORIGINAL PAPER
Effects of circuit exercise training on cardiorespiratory indices, body image,
and body composition of obese undergraduates at a Nigerian University
More details
Hide details
1
Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Nigeria
2
Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
3
Department of Physiotherapy, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
4
Department of Physiotherapy, Evangel University, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
5
Department of Physiotherapy, David Umahi Federal University of Health Sciences, Uburu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Submission date: 2020-12-16
Acceptance date: 2021-03-01
Publication date: 2022-02-23
Physiother Quart. 2023;31(2):45-52
KEYWORDS
TOPICS
ABSTRACT
Introduction:
Obesity is a disease that adversely affects quality of life, mortality and morbidity and it is associated with a sedentary lifestyle. This study evaluated the effect of circuit-exercise training on the cardiorespiratory indices, body image, and body composition in obese undergraduate students.
Methods:
Ninety obese undergraduates (69 females and 21 Males) were assigned to either a circuit-exercise training group/study or a non-exercise/control group. The exercise program comprised of 40 minutes of circuit-training (resistance and aerobic) sessions, performed 3 times per week for 6 weeks. Participants rotated between stations with 20 seconds rest in between; as well as warm up and cool down periods. Moderate exercise-intensity was performed at 50%–70% of the age-predicted heart rate reserve. Pre (baseline) and post (at 6 weeks) values of cardiovascular parameters, body image, and body composition parameters were evaluated. Demographic data were summarized with descriptive statistics while significant differences within and between groups were determined using paired and independent sample t-tests, respectively. Statistical significance was accepted for all tests at a value of p < 0.05.
Results:
Findings from the results showed no significant difference in the mean body image, body mass index, and waist-hip ratio between the groups (p > 0.05). A significant difference was observed between the groups (p < 0.05) in the mean aerobic capacity, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, percentage body fat, and muscle mass.
Conclusions:
A 6-week circuit training had a favorable but not significant effect on body image. Aerobic capacity, cardiovascular parameters, and some body composition parameters had significant changes.
REFERENCES (39)
1.
Al-Sendi AM, Shetty P, Musaiger AO, Myatt M. Relationship between body composition and blood pressure in Bahraini adolescents. Br J Nutr. 2003;90(4):837–844; doi: 10.1079/bjn2003963.
2.
Ali SM, Lindström M. Socioeconomic, psychosocial, behavioral and psychological determinants of BMI among young women: differing patterns for underweight and overweight/obesity. Eur J Public Health. 2006;16(3):324–330; doi: 10.1093/eurpub/cki187.
3.
Getty AK, Wisdo TR, Chavis LN, Derella CC, McLaughlin KC, Perez AN et al. Effects of circuit exercise training on vascular health and blood pressure. Prev Med Rep. 2018;27(10):106-112. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2018.02.010.
4.
Bastug G, Goral K, Ekici SH, Karatan OV. Investigation of cardio exercise’s effects on body perception and life satisfaction in relation with some parameters. Turk J Sport Exerc. 2018; 20:57–62; doi:10.15314/tsed.427664.
5.
Sperlich B, Wallmann-Sperlich B, Zinner C, Von Stauffenberg V, Losert H, Holmberg H-C. Functional high-intensity circuit training improves body composition, peak oxygen uptake, strength, and alters certain dimensions of quality of life in overweight women. Front Physiol. 2017;8:172; doi: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00172.
6.
Boyland EJ, Whalen R. Food advertising to children and its effects on diet: review of recent prevalence and impact data. Pediatr Diabetes. 2015;16(5):331–337; doi: 10.1111/pedi.12278.
7.
Donnelly JB, Blair S, Jakicic JM, Manore MM, Rankin JW, Smith BK. Appropriate physical activity intervention strategies for weight loss and prevention of weight regain for adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41(2):459–4571; doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181949333.
8.
Erem C. Prevalence of overweight and obesity in Turkey. IJC Metab Endocrine. 2015;8:38–41; doi: 10.1016/j.ijcme.2015.07.002.
9.
Ramos P, Moreno-Maldonado C, Moreno C, Rivera F. The role of body image in internalizing mental health problems in Spanish adolescents: an analysis according to sex, age, and socioeconomic status. Front. Psychol. 2019;10:1952; doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01952.
10.
Muñoz-Martínez FA, Rubio-Arias JÁ, Ramos-Campo DJ, Alcaraz PE. Effectiveness of resistance circuit- based training for maximum oxygen uptake and upper-body one-repetition maximum improvements: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2017;47(12):2553–2568; doi: 10.1007/s40279-017-0773-4.
11.
Fujitsuka S, Koike Y, Isozaki A, Nomura Y. Effect of 12 weeks of strenuous physical training on hematological changes. Mil Med. 2005;170(7):590–594; doi: 10.7205/milmed.170.7.590.
12.
Furnham A, Badmin N, Sneade I. Body image dissatisfaction: gender differences in eating attitudes, self-esteem, and reasons for exercise. J Psychol. 2002;136(6):581–596; doi: 10.1080/00223980209604820.
13.
Goedecke JH, Micklesfield LK. The effect of exercise on obesity, body fat distribution and risk for type 2 diabetes. Med Sport Sci. 2014;60:82–93; doi: 10.1159/000357338.
14.
Greenberg AS, Obin MS. Obesity and the role of adipose tissue in inflammation and metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006;83(2):461–465; doi: 10.1093/ajcn/83.2.461S.
15.
Harber MP, Fry AC, Rubin MR, Smith JC, Weiss LW. Skeletal muscle and hormonal adaptations to circuit weight training in untrained men. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2004;14(3):176–185; doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2003.371.x.
16.
Haskell WL, Lee I-M, Pate RR, Powell KE, Blair SN, Franklin BA, et al. Physical activity and public health: updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39(8):1423–1434; doi: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3180616b27.
17.
Henry RN, Anshel MH, Michael T. Effects of aerobic and circuit training on fitness and body image among women. J Sport Behav. 2006;29:281–292.
18.
International Society for the Advancement of kinathropometry. International standards for anthropometric assessment 2001. Available 05.01.2020 from:
https://www.isak.global.
19.
Uth N, Sørensen H, Overgaard K, Pedersen PK. Estimation of VO2max from the ratio between HRmax and HRrest – the Heart Rate Ratio Method. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2004;91(1):111–115;. doi: 10.1007/s00421-003-0988-y.
20.
Jaffrin MY. Body composition determination by impedance: an update. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2009;12(5):482–486; doi: 10.1097/MCO.0b013e32832da22c.
21.
Ignaszewski M, Lau B, Wong S, Isserow S. The science of exercise prescription: Martti karvonen and his contributions. BCMJ. 2017;59(1):38–41.
22.
Plevková L, Peráčková J. The Effects of a 6-week strength and endurance circuit training on body image of high school girls. Acta Fac Educ Phys Univ Comen. 2019;59(2):184–192; doi: 10.2478/afepuc-2019-0016.
23.
Kostrzewa-Nowak D, Nowak R, Jastrzębski Z, Zarębska A, Bichowska M, Drobnik- Kozakiewicz I, et al. Effect of 12-week-long aerobic training programme on body composition, aerobic capacity, complete blood count and blood lipid profile among young woman. Biochem Med. 2015;25(1):103–113; doi: 10.11613/BM.2015.013.
24.
Kyle TK, Dhurandhar EJ, Allison DB. Regarding obesity as a disease: evolving policies and their implications. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2016;45(3):511–520; doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2016.04.004.
25.
Willis LH, Slentz CA, Bateman LA, Shields AT, Piner LW, Bales CW, et al. Effects of aerobic and/or resistance training on body mass and fat mass in overweight or obese adults. J Appl Physiol. 2012;113(12):1831–1837; doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01370.2011.
26.
Mogharnasi M, Eslami R, Behnam B. Effects of endurance and circuit resistance trainings on lipid profile, heart rate, and hematological parameters in obese male students. Ann Appl Sport. Sci. 2014;2(4):11–22; doi: 10.18869/acadpub.aassjournal.2.4.11..
27.
Miller MB, Pearcey GE, Cahill F, McCarthy H, Stratton SB, Noftall JC, et al. The effect of a short- term high-intensity circuit training program on work capacity, body composition, and blood profiles in sedentary obese men: a pilot study. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014: 191797; doi: 10.1155/2014/191797.
28.
Pierpont GL, Adabag S, Yannopoulos D. Pathophysiology of exercise heart rate recovery: a comprehensive analysis. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol. 2013;18(2):107–117; doi: 10.1111/anec.12061.
29.
Niebauer J, Cooke JP. Cardiovascular effects of exercise: role of endothelial shear stress. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996;28(7):1652–1660; doi.org/10.1016/S0735-1097(96)00393-2.
30.
Pedišić Z, Jurakić D, Rakovac M, Hodak D, Dizdar D. Reliability of the Croatian long version of the international physical activity questionnaire. Kinesiol. 2011;43(2):185–191.
31.
Kim J-W, Ko Y-C, Seo T-B, Kim Y-P. Effect of circuit training on body composition, physical fitness, and metabolic syndrome risk factors in obese female college students. J Exerc Rehabil. 2018;14(3):460–465; doi: 10.12965/jer.1836194.097.
32.
Sarría A, García-Llop L, Moreno L, Fleta J, Morellón M, Bueno M. Skinfold thickness measurements are better predictors of body fat percentage than body mass index in male Spanish children and adolescents. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1998;52(8):573–576; doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600606.
33.
Cilliers J, Senekal M, Kunneke E. The association between the body mass index of first year female university students and their weight-related perceptions and practices, psychological health, physical activity and other physical health indicators. Pub Health Nutr. 2006;9(2):234–243; doi: 10.1079/phn2005846.
34.
Seo Y-G, Noh H-M, Kim SY. Weight loss effects of circuit training interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev. 2019;20(11):1642–1650; doi: 10.1111/obr.12911.
35.
Kang SJ, Kim JH, Gang Z, Yook YS, Yoon JR, Ha GC, et al. Effects of 12-week circuit exercise program on obesity index, appetite regulating hormones, and insulin resistance in middle-aged obese females. J Phys Ther Sci. 2018;30(1):169–173; doi: 10.1589/jpts.30.169.
36.
Ferreira FC, Medeiros AI, Nicioli C, Nunes JED, Shiguemoto GE, Prestes J et al. Circuit resistance training in sedentary women: body composition and serum cytokine levels. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2010;35(2):163–171; doi: 10.1139/H09-136.
37.
Warburton DE, Gledhill N, Quinney A. Musculoskeletal fitness and health. Can J Appl Physiol. 2001;26(2):217–237; doi: 10.1139/h01-013.
38.
Westerterp KR. Exercise, energy balance and body composition. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2018;72:1246–1250; doi: 10.1038/s41430-018-0180-4.